Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 10 Articles
Alice, a deaf girl who was implanted after age three years of age was exposed to four weeks of storybook sessions conducted in\r\nAmerican Sign Language (ASL) and speech (English). Two research questions were address: (1) how did she use her sign bimodal/\r\nbilingualism, codeswitching, and code mixing during reading activities and (2) what sign bilingual code-switching and\r\ncode-mixing strategies did she use while attending to stories delivered under two treatments: ASL only and speech only. Retelling\r\nscores were collected to determine the type and frequency of her codeswitching/codemixing strategies between both languages\r\nafter Alice was read to a story in ASL and in spoken English. Qualitative descriptive methods were utilized. Teacher, clinician and\r\nstudent transcripts of the reading and retelling sessions were recorded. Results showed Alice frequently used codeswitching and\r\ncodeswitching strategies while retelling the stories retold under both treatments. Alice increased in her speech production retellings\r\nof the stories under both the ASL storyreading and spoken English-only reading of the story. The ASL storyreading did not decrease\r\nAlice�s retelling scores in spoken English. Professionals are encouraged to consider the benefits of early sign bimodal/bilingualism\r\nto enhance the overall speech, language and reading proficiency of deaf children with cochlear implants....
This study evaluated the application of laser-induced bone therapy (LIBT) to reduce implant healing time in rat tibia. Twenty 10-\r\nweek-old female Sprague-Dawlay rats were used. The rats received laser irradiation (laser group) or sham operation (control\r\ngroup) on either side of the tibia. Five days after invasion, titanium implants were inserted in proximal tibia. Five, 10, and 20 days\r\nafter implant placement, tibiae were collected. After taking micro-CT and performing a torque test, the tibiae were decalcified and\r\n8-�µm-thick sections were prepared. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results.Micro-CT images, removal torque\r\nvalues, and histomorphometric analysis data demonstrated a significantly accelerated bone formation in the laser group earlier in\r\nthe healing process. Conclusion. The use of laser irradiation was effective in promoting bone formation and acquiring osseointegration\r\nof titanium implants inserted in rat tibia. LIBT may be suitable for use in implant therapy....
Purpose: Metallic skin closure staples and vessel ligation clips should be tested at 3-Tesla to characterize MRI\r\nissues in order to ensure patient safety. Therefore, metallic surgical implants were assessed at 3-Tesla for magnetic\r\nfield interactions, MRI-related heating, and artifacts.\r\nMethods: A skin closure staple (Visistat Skin Stapler, staple, Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, coated 316L/316LVM\r\nstainless steel; Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC) and a vessel ligation clip (Hemoclip Traditional, stainless steel; Teleflex\r\nMedical, Durham, NC) that represented the largest metallic sizes made from materials with the highest magnetic\r\nsusceptibilities (i.e., based on material information) among 61 other surgical implants (52 metallic implants, 9\r\nnonmetallic implants) underwent evaluation for magnetic field interactions, MRI-related heating, and artifacts using\r\nstandardized techniques. MRI-related heating was assessed by placing each implant in a gelled-saline-filled\r\nphantom with MRI performed using a transmit/receive RF body coil at an MR system reported, whole body\r\naveraged SAR of 2.9-W/kg for 15-min. Artifacts were characterized using T1-weighted, SE and GRE pulse sequences.\r\nResults: Each surgical implant showed minor magnetic field interactions (20- and 27-degrees, which is acceptable\r\nfrom a safety consideration). Heating was not substantial (highest temperature change, = 1.6�°C). Artifacts may\r\ncreate issues if the area of interest is in the same area or close to the respective surgical implant.\r\nConclusions: The results demonstrated that it would be acceptable for patients with these metallic surgical\r\nimplants to undergo MRI at 3-Tesla or less. Because of the materials and dimensions of the surgical implants that\r\nunderwent testing, these findings pertain to 61 additional similar implants....
The aim of this paper is to make surgeons aware of the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) within the field of implantology. The paper describes one case illustrating the improved diagnostic yield using CBCT over conventional radiography thus facilitating the appropriate insertion guidance of implants....
Cutaneous manifestations due to migration of silicone from ruptured implants are rare. Migrated silicone with cutaneous\r\ninvolvement has been found in the chest wall, abdominal wall, and lower extremities. We describe a case of cutaneous silicone\r\ngranuloma in the breast exhibiting unusual growth mimicking breast cancer after a ruptured implant....
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has increased during the last few years and is viewed as a growing problem which has fuelled\ncopious amounts of research on the development of new antibacterial agents. Silver is well recognized as possessing antibacterial\nactivity, and so by harnessing these properties and incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within microdevices, possessing\nmicrofluidic channels has much promise. Progress in developing these types of systems has been limited due to the technological\ndifficulties involved in controlling the inclusion of these nanoparticles within the devices. This work provides an insight into a\nnovel electrochemical interaction that can enable not only the localisation of silver within such structures but also enables the\nsmart release of AgNPs....
There are many reasons for dental implant failure, the development of bacteremia is concern for dentists. This is due to the possibility of unfavorable result such as implant loss or the need for re-treatment. In general, antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high risk patients such as individuals with an immunodeficiency, infectious endocarditis, or previous prosthetic instrumentation. However regarding clinically healthy, low and moderate risk individuals the use of antibiotics in implant dentistry is controversial. Another major concern regarding the over prescription of antibiotics is the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. A better understanding of the efficacy of prophylactic treatments regarding dental implantation is crucial. Thus a literature review and comparison of survival rates of dental implants with regimens of no, pre or post prophylaxis was performed using systematic literature review using reliable electronic databases. Retrospective or prospective controlled studies were examined for the influence of preoperative and/or postoperative or no antibiosis on dental implant success rate. Of the 11406 implants used in this literature review, cases with no antibiotics had a 92 % success rate, cases with pre-op antibiotic alone had a 96% success rate, cases with post-op antibiotic alone had a 97% success rate and cases with both pre and post-op antibiotic had a success rate of 96%. Thus, the results from this literature review show a > 90% success rate when antibiotics are used compared to when they are not used. Thus, no benefit is seen from the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in low and moderate risk dental implant patients....
The stability of anodic films potentiodynamically grown on titanium, titanium-grade 2, and Ti6Al4V alloy was studied in a\nsimulated physiological electrolyte, up to 8.0V, and at room temperature to determine the corrosion resistance levels of dental\nimplants. In PBS (phosphate buffer saline) solution, thin titanium oxide films protect the surface of the Ti6%Al4%V alloy up\nto 6.0V, pure Ti up to 8.0V, and Ti-grade 2 up to 1.5 V. At more positive potentials, localized corrosion starts to occur possibly\ndue to the alloy elements (Ti6Al4V-V and Al) and variable levels of interstitials (Ti-grade 2: C, N, and Fe, mainly). When the\nbiomaterials were submitted to open-circuit conditions, in artificial saliva, the worst corrosion resistance was observed in dental\nimplant (Ti-grade 2), according to the open-circuit potential values and reconstruction rate analysis of these oxide films. The XPS\nspectra revealed TiO2 oxide as the main phase in the barrier oxide film coating the dental implant....
Many techniques for the surface modification of titanium and its alloys have been proposed from the viewpoint of improving\r\nbioactivity. This paper contains an overview of surface treatment methods, including coating with hydroxyapatite (HAp),\r\nan osteoconductive compound. There are two types of coating methods: pyroprocessing and hydroprocessing. In this paper,\r\nhydroprocessing for coating on the titanium substrate with HAp, carbonate apatite (CO3ââ?¬â??Ap), a CO3ââ?¬â??Ap/CaCO3 composite,\r\nHAp/collagen, and a HAp/gelatin composite is outlined. Moreover, evaluation by implantation of surface-modified samples in rat\r\ntibiae is described....
A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to compare clinical outcomes in patients treated with an investigational\ninterspinous spacer (Superion) versus those treated with an FDA-approved spacer (X-STOP). One hundred sixty-six patients with\nmoderate lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) unresponsive to conservative care were treated randomly with the Superion (n = 80)\nor X-STOP (n = 86) interspinous spacer. Study subjects were followed through 6 months posttreatment. Zurich Claudication\nQuestionnaire (ZCQ) symptom severity scores improved 30% with Superion and 25% with X-STOP (both P < 0.001). Similar\nchanges were noted in ZCQ physical function with improvements of 32% with Superion and 27% with X-STOP (both P < 0.001).\nMean ZCQ patient satisfaction score ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 in both groups at all follow-up visits. The proportion of subjects that\nachieved at least two of three ZCQ clinical success criteria at 6 months was 75% with Superion and 67% with X-STOP. Axial pain\ndecreased from 55 �± 27mm at pretreatment to 22 �± 26mm at 6 months in the Superion group (P < 0.001) and from 54 �± 29mm\nto 32 �± 31mm with X-STOP (P < 0.001). Extremity pain decreased from 61 �± 26mm at pretreatment to 18 �± 27mm at 6 months\nin the Superion group (P < 0.001) and from 64 �± 26mm to 22 �± 30mm with X-STOP (P < 0.001). Back function improved from\n38 �± 13% to 21 �± 19% with Superion (P < 0.001) and from 40 �± 13% to 25 �± 16% with X-STOP (P < 0.001). Preliminary results\nsuggest that the Superion interspinous spacer and the X-STOP each effectively alleviate pain and improve back function in patients\nwith moderate LSS who are unresponsive to conservative care....
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